Long-range LoRaWAN sensor networks have become a compelling solution for deploying massive wireless Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Harnessing the unique characteristics of the LoRaWAN protocol, these networks enable secure long-range communication across extended distances, making them ideal for monitoring assets and environmental condition

The advent of LoRaWAN technology has revolutionized the landscape of wireless Industry 4.0 sensor deployments, particularly in applications that rely on long battery lifespans. LoRaWAN's low power consumption and wide range capabilities make it an ideal choice for deploying battery-powered sensors in remote or challenging environments. These sensor